What Does Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Actually Activate?
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What Does Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Actually Activate?
Luigi Galvani spent 20 years conducting experiments to demonstrate electrical conductivity of nerves and muscles before publishing his major treatise on the subject in 1791 (Galvani, 1791). His personal friend and professional nemesis Count Alessandro Volta held a respectful but opposing view, that nerve and muscle tissues simply serve as passive conductors, and he built the first “voltaic” bat...
متن کاملWhat Does Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Actually Activate: Response
et al., 2012). The sense of roll is consistent with a host of other studies using GVS (Fitzpatrick et al., 1994; Inglis et al., 1995; Day et al., 1997; Zink et al., 1997; Day and Cole, 2002; Scinicariello et al., 2002/2003; Wardman et al., 2003a,b; see Fitzpatrick and Day, 2004 for review). Modeled on this research, we used 2–3 mA currents in lightly anesthetized rats and found strong activatio...
متن کاملWhat Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Actually Activates
In a recent paper in Frontiers Cohen et al. (2012) asked "What does galvanic vestibular stimulation actually activate?" and concluded that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) causes predominantly otolithic behavioral responses. In this Perspective paper we show that such a conclusion does not follow from the evidence. The evidence from neurophysiology is very clear: galvanic stimulation activ...
متن کاملHabituation to Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation during Gait
Balance requires the integration of proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular sensory inputs. Contributions from the vestibular system are increasingly important when other sensory signals are lacking or erroneous [1]. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), the application of a small electrical current across the mastoid processes, has been used to apply a stimulus to the vestibular system indepen...
متن کاملFunctional MRI of galvanic vestibular stimulation.
The cortical processing of vestibular information is not hierarchically organized as the processing of signals in the visual and auditory modalities. Anatomic and electrophysiological studies in the monkey revealed the existence of multiple interconnected areas in which vestibular signals converge with visual and/or somatosensory inputs. Although recent functional imaging studies using caloric ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Neurology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1664-2295
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00090